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Geometry › Symmetry

Symmetry

A shape is symmetric if it looks the same after a fold, a turn, or a slide.

Symmetry folder

Pick a fold line, then press Fold. Or draw your own shape and check it.

Fold line

— vertical only.

H — vertical and horizontal.

F — none.

When the dashed mirror copy lines up with the solid shape, that fold line is a line of symmetry.

Three kinds of symmetry

  • Reflection — fold the shape along a line. The two halves match.
  • Rotational — turn the shape and it looks identical at certain angles.
  • Translational — slide the shape along a direction (used in tiling and patterns).

Lines of symmetry

A square has 4 lines of symmetry (two diagonals + horizontal + vertical). A regular pentagon has 5. A circle has infinitely many — you can fold it along any line through its center.

Order of rotation

A shape has rotational symmetry of order n if it looks the same n times when turning a full 360°. A square has order 4 (90°, 180°, 270°, 360°). A regular hexagon has order 6.

In the wild

  • Snowflakes — six-fold rotational symmetry.
  • Butterflies — line symmetry (vertical).
  • Wallpaper patterns — translational symmetry.
  • Letters: A, M, T are vertical-line symmetric; H, I, O have both vertical and horizontal; S, N, Z have rotational symmetry of order 2.