Math Playground
Algebra

Maxima & minima

The highest and lowest points of a curve — without calculus.

The peaks and valleys of a graph. For a parabola, the vertex is the max (if opening down) or min (if opening up).

Drag the sliders
-6-248(1.99, 3)
y = a·x·x + b·x + c

Finding the turning point of a parabola

  • The vertex x-coordinate is x = −b/(2a).
  • Substitute that x back into the function to get the y-value.
  • If a > 0 the parabola opens up — the vertex is a minimum.
  • If a < 0 it opens down — the vertex is a maximum.
Your turn

Find the minimum of y = x² − 6x + 11.

Recap
  • Peaks = maxima, valleys = minima.
  • Parabola vertex sits at x = −b/(2a).
  • Sign of the leading coefficient tells you max vs min.
Try it

Find min of y = x² − 4x + 7

Vertex at x = −b/2a = 2. y(2) = 4 − 8 + 7 = 3. Min is (2, 3).