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Irrational numbers

Decimals that go on forever with no pattern. Can't be written as a fraction of two whole numbers.

π — the digits never settle

Pi's decimal expansion is irrational. No pattern, no repeat, no end.

3.1415926535897 

Famous irrational numbers

  • √2 ≈ 1.41421… — the diagonal of a unit square.
  • π ≈ 3.14159… — circle ratio.
  • e ≈ 2.71828… — natural growth.
  • φ ≈ 1.61803… — golden ratio.

Why √2 is irrational

Suppose √2 = a/b in lowest terms. Then 2b² = a², so a is even. Write a = 2k, then b² = 2k² so b is even too. Both even contradicts "lowest terms." So √2 can't be written as a fraction.