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Multiplication
Repeated addition. 3 × 4 means three groups of four — or four groups of three. Both make a rectangle.
Multiplication is a rectangle
3 rows × 4 columns = 12 dots.
3 × 4 = 12
Two views of ×
- Repeated addition. 4 × 3 = 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12.
- Area of a rectangle. 4 rows × 3 columns = 12 dots.
Order doesn't matter (here)
4 × 3 = 3 × 4. Multiplication is commutative too. The rectangle just gets rotated.