Math Playground
Physics

Sound waves

Compressions and rarefactions in air — how your ears hear pitch and loudness.

Sound is a longitudinal pressure wave — compressions and rarefactions in air (or any medium).

Drag the sliders
135
y = A · sin(k · x)
Wave lab — drag the sliders, watch it move
λ

wave speed v = f λ = 0.60 × 110 = 66 px/s

Wave speed

In air, v ≈ 343 m/s at room temperature. So higher frequency f means shorter wavelength λ — and a higher pitch.

Your turn

A tuning fork sounds at 256 Hz. What is the wavelength of its sound in air (v ≈ 343 m/s)?

Sound is *longitudinal* — air molecules jiggle back-and-forth along the travel direction, making compressions and rarefactions. The sine curve here is a handy stand-in for the pressure.

Properties

  • Frequency — pitch.
  • Amplitude — loudness.
  • Speed in air — about 343 m/s at room temperature.